The Problem of Evil

be attributed with confidence to a wise Creator. As an illustration, it is pointed out that the force of gravity on earth is significantly higher than it would need to be. When someone falls from a relatively small height, it can result in a broken bone. If gravity were lower, this would not be the case. However, such discussions arise from limited knowledge, contemplation, and thought. Ancient wisdom seems to have overlooked that falling is an occasional accident, deviating from the norm. If gravity were lower, it would disrupt everyday life on earth. Humans would struggle to stand firmly, our transportation systems would falter, buildings and factories would collapse, and water would not remain grounded, among other consequences. The truth is that what some perceive as flaws in the natural system are indications of balance and equilibrium within it. An amazing balance in the system of Nature characterizes the universe. These words of the Quran beautifully express this reality: “He created seven heavens, one above the other in layers. You will not find any flaw in the creation of the Gracious One. Then look once again: can you see any flaw? Then look again and again. Your gaze will come back to you confused and exhausted.” (67:3-4) The physical universe is flawless and free of defects because it is under the direct control of God. It is the material manifestation of God’s attributes. However, the affairs of the human world are different. Anton Pavlovich Chekhov (1860-1904) rightly said: