The Issue of Kufr and Kafir

THE ISSUE OF KUFR AND KAFIR I n the twentieth century, communist ideology spread across the world on a large scale. Under this ideology, human society was divided into two classes: the working class and the bourgeois class. The word bourgeois is a French term. In its original sense, it referred to the middle class. However, under the influence of Marxist philosophy, it became a derogatory term. According to this ideology, society was divided into two classes: the working class, regarded in every respect as an innocent class, and the bourgeois class, which, in Marxist thought, was synonymous with the capitalist class and, according to Marx, was the root of all social and economic evils. Something similar happened with the word kafir. Initially, the word kafir had a simple meaning. In lexical terms, kafir means one who denies. Over time, however, the word kafir became a derogatory term. In the present age, from an ideological perspective,