The Hadith on Consistency

action. In essence, the madrasa became a symbol of moving the collective Muslim struggle from the domain of violence to the domain of peace. In this sense, it was a conscious decision to choose peaceful action over violent action. This decision reflected the understanding that instead of channeling their efforts into the field of violence, Muslim leaders could achieve far more by utilizing their energies in the field of peace. Interestingly, in the latter half of the 19th century, two distinct educational movements emerged almost simultaneously. On the one hand was the movement led by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, commonly known as the Aligarh Movement. Representing this movement, Maulana Altaf Hussain Hali (d. 1914) aptly remarked: “The command of the present time is clear: Education is everything in the world.” On the other hand were Maulana Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi and his cont emporary scholars. Maulana Nanautawi was a classmate of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan; both were students of Maulana Mamluk Ali at Delhi College. While both movements focused on education, their approaches differed. Sir Syed Ahmad Khan’s educational movement centered on the English language and secular sciences. In contrast, Maulana Nanautawi and his contemporaries aimed to promote the Arabic language and religious sciences among the Muslim community.