Understanding ‘Ilah’

THE CONCEPT OF RELIGION • “Ayy al-qada‘u bayna ‘ibadihi wa’l-faslu” ( َْ أَيِ الْقَضَاءُ ‌ بـَي )‌ عِبَادِهِ ‌ وَالْفَصْلُ (Tafsir Al-Bahr al-Muheet, Vol. 8, p. 321) That is, the decree between His servants and the judgment. • “Al-qada‘u bayna ‘ibadihi” ( ِ ) القَضَاءُ بـَيَْ عِبَادِه (Al-Kashshaf by al-Zamakhshari, Vol. 3, p. 428) The decree between His servants. • “Yahkumu li-ahl ta‘atihi bi’l-maghfirah, wa-li-ahl ma‘siyatihi bi’l-shaqawah” ( ِ يَ كُمُ الَٔهلِ طاعَتِهِ ابملَغفِرَةِ، والَٔهل ) املَعصِيَةِ ابلشَّقاوَةِ (Tafsir al-Khazin, Vol. 3, p. 370) He judges for the people of obedience with forgiveness, and for the people of disobedience with wretchedness. • “Al-qada‘u bayna ‘ibadihi” ( ِ ) القَضاءُ بَنيَ عِبادِه (Madarik al-Tanzil, Vol. 2, p. 655) The decree between His servants. • “Ayy al-qada‘u al-nafidh fi kulli shay‘in min ghayri musharakah fihi li-ghayrihi ta‘ala” ( ِّ القَضاءُ النّافِذُ يف كُل ) شَيءٍ مِن غَريِ مُشارَكَةٍ فيهِ لِغَريِهِ تعاىل (Ruh al-Ma‘ani by al-Alusi, Vol. 10, p. 313) That is, the absolute decree in everything,