The Error of Political Islam

to the point it became fragmented. Al-Akhfash states that they disagreed within it, which supports the earlier statement. (Fath al-Qadir by Al-Shawkani, Vol. 3, p. 502) In this context, the word Ummah means religion. Therefore, it is as if Allah is saying that your religion is one single religion, and there is no disagreement among different nations regarding Tawheed (monotheism). The phrase “I am your Lord, so worship Me alone” implies that you should make your worship pure and directed solely to Me, not to anything else. The phrase “they divided their matter among themselves” indicates that they created divisions within the faith to the point that it became fragmented. Al-Akhfash states that they differed within the religion, which aligns with the initial interpretation. The Collective Demand The type of unscholarly reasoning you observed in the previous discussion of Ilah and Rabb was only necessary for the author under review because he aimed to establish the social aspect of Islam as an essential, foundational concept in the understanding of Ilah and Rabb. And since this was not actually the case, he had to rely on weak arguments. Nevertheless, it is not as if social issues bear no connection to Islamic beliefs. While “political divinity” or “political lordship” are