A COMPARISON

A COMPARISON was established at the time of the migration, not after the establishment of the Islamic state in Madinah. Additionally, it is worth noting that the system established in Madinah was not only physically distant from the people of Makkah but also had not yet developed to the extent that it could be called “practical testimony” in the sense mentioned above. The Battle of Badr, in which many leaders of the polytheists were killed—and which, according to the Quran, was a punishment inflicted upon the people of Makkah “by the hands of the believers” (Quran, 9:14)—took place only a year and a half after the migration13, at a time when many aspects of life were still developing. At this point, the rulings of the Shariah had not yet been revealed in full, and the early Madinan state had not yet been able to demonstrate the comprehensive practices deemed essential in the previous analysis. So, were these people punished for “not coming to the right path” before the completion of evidence (itmam al-hujjah)? Did the Prophets not fulfil the mission for which they were sent, or was it that Allah destroyed the communities addressed by them without complete proof? 13. In the thirteenth year of his Prophethood, during the month of Rabi’ al-Awwal, the Prophet Muhammad œ reached Madinah. The following year, in Ramadan of the 2nd Hijri year, the Battle of Badr took place. In the Gregorian calendar: arrival in Quba on September 20, 622 CE… Battle of Badr on March 13, 624 CE.”