Factors in Leadership: The Social and the Individual

the dissolution of Muslim power in Spain, the Mughals established their empire in India in 1526. However, the powerful Mughal Emperors never invited some great Spanish Muslim scientists to India to carry on their scientific work, which had come to a standstill in Spain. Such academic work based on research and investigation required governmental patronage. That is why, when the scientists of erstwhile Muslim Spain failed to find opportunities in the Muslim world, they shifted to Western Europe instead, where they received the patronage of the non-Muslim rulers. This is why the work in science that had begun in Muslim Spain reached its climax in Europe rather than in the Muslim world. Because of his unawareness of all these developments and his inordinate interest in politics, Aurangzeb failed to take any action in this regard. Hence, modern science reached its culmination in Europe, and the entire credit for the progress and development of modern science went to Europe. The conditions that gave rise to the ‘modern age’ and the earliest manifestations of this new age had already appeared when Aurangzeb ascended the Mughal throne. The first model of the spring-driven watch, which was to replace the old-fashioned clock,