Preface

times without bringing their intentions or sincerity under discussion. The methodology adopted by the Ulama was not in conformity with the requirements of the present age. Therefore, their efforts and sacrifices have not brought about the required results. However, this was an error of judgment on the part of the Ulama. As we learn from a tradition of the Prophet, if a believer makes right ijtihad (re-interpretation of religious teachings in changing situations), he will receive a double reward, while if he errs in his ijtihad, he will still earn a single reward. This essay appears to be critical, but in reality, it is a proposal in the light of which we can determine the future course of action. Wahiduddin Khan September 2, 1992 New Delhi, India