14. Morality

disapproves. So, following this generally accepted moral criterion in relation to others is essentially Islamic morality. Islam differentiates between social manners and social character. Social manners are based on the principle ‘Do as they do.’ But Islamic morality is based on the formula of unilateral and unconditional positive conduct. ‘Do good to others, even if they are not doing good to you.’ (al-Tabarani) The Qur’an portrays Muslims as individuals who “repel evil with good.” (28:54) Similarly, the Prophet Muhammad, may peace be upon him, advised a Muslim to “do good to those who harm you” (al-Tirmirdhi). The Prophet Muhammad, may peace be upon him, was the true embodiment of the finest moral character. Addressing the Prophet, the Qur’an declares: “Surely you have a sublime character.” (68:4) So great an importance has been attached in Islam to moral character that it has been set up as a criterion by which to judge all other Islamic virtues. If one is good in relation to other human beings, that will serve as evidence that one also is good in relation to God. The Prophet Muhammad, may peace be upon him, puts it thus: “One who is not grateful to man cannot be grateful to God either.” (Al-Bayhaqi)