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Abu Bakr Siddiq, died 632 AD; a close companion of the Prophet; also the first Muslim Caliph. AH, Islamic lunar year of Hijrath. Aisha, (612-678); daughter of Abu Bakr, wife of Prophet Muhammad; one of the most intellectual and influential women in Islamic history. Ali bin Abi Talib, died 661 AD; cousin and son-in-law of Prophet Muhammad; the 4th Muslim Caliph. Amir-ul-Mumineen, commander of the faithful. At-Tirmidhi, also Imam at-Tirmidhi (824892); Islamic scholar and collector of Hadith. Aurangzeb, also Aurangzeb Alamgir; died 1707; sixth Mughal emperor. firqa al-najiya, sect that is guaranteed salvation. fasad, spreading corruption, rebellion, dissension, mischief and disorder across society. fatwa, legal opinion; judicial verdict. fitna, persecution fiqh, Islamic jurisprudence fuqaha, Islamic jurists haram, forbidden Hasan bin Ali bin Abi Talib, died 670 AD; elder son of Ali bin Abi Talib; grandson of Prophet Muhammad. Husain bin Ali bin Abi Talib, died 680 AD; younger son of Ali bin Abi Talib; grandson of Prophet Muhammad. ijtihad, exercise of judgement with reasoning. ijtihadi khata, error in reasoning. Jama‘at-e-Islami, Islamic revivalist and political organisation founded in 1941 by Maulana Sayyed Abul ‘Ala Maududi. Jihad-bil-nafs, struggle against ourselves to control negative and undesirable feelings. Kufa, capital city of Ali in Iraq. maddhab, school of thought; creed. Muhammad Ilyas Kandhalvi, died 1944; founder of Tablighi Jama‘at. Muhammad Iqbal, died 1938; also known as Allama Iqbal; philosopher, poet and politician. mujahid, one who struggles in the way of God. Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufiyan, died 680 AD; secretary of Prophet Muhammad; founder of the Umayyad dynasty of Caliphate. nafs, one's own self. Umar, also Umar Faruq or Omar bin al Khattab; died 644 AD; a close companion of the Prophet; the 2nd Muslim Caliph. Rightly Guided Caliphs, also Khulafa urRashidun; refer to the first four Caliphs after prophet Muhammad - Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman ibn Affan and Ali. qital, armed warfare Reja ibn Haywa, died 691 AD;Islamic jurist under the Umayyad Caliphs. Sayyed Abul ‘Ala Maududi, died 1979; journalist, theologian, Muslim revivalist leader and political philosopher, founder of Jama‘at-e-Islami, the Islamic revivalist party. Seerah, also Seerath; Prophet’s biography Shariah, moral code and religious law of Islam. Sulaiman ibn Abdul Malik, died 717 AD; Umayyad Caliph. Sunan al-Tirmidhi, Hadith collection of Abu `Isa Muhammad ibn `Isa atTirmidhi, Persian Islamic scholar; died 892 AD; one of the six major Hadith collections. Sunnah, practice and teachings of Prophet Muhammad. Tabuk, province of Saudi Arabia Tablighi Jama‘at, Islamic religious movement started in 1926 by Muhammad Ilyas al-Kandhlawi in India. tahazzub, groupism, sectarianism tawheed, Monotheism, or the oneness of God. Ulama, religious scholars Umar bin Abdul Aziz, died 720 AD; Umayyad Caliph; great grandson of Umar ibn Al Khattab. Ummah religious community; followers of a prophet. Uthman, also Usman or Uthman ibn Affan; died 656 AD; a close companion of prophet Muhammad; also the 3rd Muslim Caliph. Glossary