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Alim religious scholar Abdullah ibn Abbas (618-687 AD); cousin and companion of the Prophet Muhammad. Abdullah ibn Masud died 650 AD; companion of the Prophet Muhammad Abdullah ibn Umar (614-693 AD); companion of the Prophet Muhammad; son of Umar bin al Khattab, the second Muslim Caliph. Abu Bakr Siddiq died 632 AD; a close companion of the Prophet; also the first Muslim Caliph. Abu Dharr al-Ghifari died 652 AD; companion of the Prophet Muhammad. Abu Dawud (817-889 AD); Abu Dawud as-Sijistani; Persian Islamic scholar and compiler of Hadith; authored the Sunan Abi Dawud Hadith collection. Abu Hurairah died 681 AD; a companion of the Prophet known for his photographic memory. Ahimsa Sanskrit for 'do no harm'; denotes the principle of non-violence, one of the cardinal virtues of major Indian religions. Al-Bukhari; Imam Al-Bukhari (810–870 AD); Muhammad Al-Bukhari; Persian Islamic scholar who authored the Hadith collection known as Sahih alBukhari regarded as the most authentic collection of Hadith. Al-Qurtubi(1214-1273 AD); Abu Abdullah al-Qurtabi, Islamic scholar most famous for his commentary of the Quran, Tafsir al-Qurtubi. As-Salaam The Peace; The Source of Peace and Security; one of the names (attributes) of God. Dar us Salaam Home of Peace; referred to as Paradise. dawah communication of the message of God. Fiqh Islamic jurisprudence. fuqaha Islamic jurists. Habil Abel,the second son of Adam; was murdered by his elder brother Qabil (Cain) Hadith sayings and deeds of the Prophet of Islam. Hasan ibn Thabit died 674 AD; companion of the Prophet Muhammad. Ibn Hisham Abu Muhammad 'Abd alMalik bin Hisham; Islamic historian well known for editing the biography of Prophet Muhammad written by Ibn Ishaq. Jihad struggle in the way of God. Jinn A living creation of God made from fire; Jinns have free-will just like mankind. Kabah the sacred house of God built originally by prophets Abraham and Ismael in Makkah (present day Mecca). Khilafat-e-Rashida also Rashidun Caliphate or "Rightly Guided" caliphs (632–661 AD) is the collective term comprising the first four caliphs in Islamic history (Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, Ali). mahal palace Madinah Medina; also called Yathrib during the time of Prophet Muhammad. Makkah Mecca. Makkan from or of Makkah (Mecca). Mishkat al-Masabih secondary text of Hadith collection by Hadith scholar Khatib al-Tabrizi (d. 1340 AD). Orientalist scholar of Oriental studies; one who studies Asian and Middle Eastern societies and history. Qabil also Cain; the first born son of Adam. qaumi belonging to qaum (community) Qibla also qiblah; direction of the Kabah, the sacred house of God. Qital armed warfare. Quraysh the dominant tribe of Makkah during the time when Prophet Mohammad was born; genealogical ancestry traced to prophets Abraham and Ismael. Sabr Patience Sahifat al-Madinah a secular declaration for society in Madinah made by the Prophet of Islam as head of the state. Glossary