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Abdullah ibn Zubair (624–692); companion of the Prophet Muhammad; first Muslim born in Madinah after the Hijrath. Aisha (612–678); daughter of Abu Bakr, wife of Prophet Muhammad. Akbar (1542–1605), Mughal dynasty Emperor in India from 1556-1605. Akhirah; aakhirat ; The Hereafter Al-Deen; deen (religion); religious ideology. Babar (1483-1530) 16th-century ruler of the Indian subcontinent and founder of the Mughal Empire. Bhagwan Das, Dr. Dr. Bhagwan Das (January 12, 1869 – September 18, 1958) was an Indian Theosophist and public figure. Bukhari (810–870); Muhammad Al-Bukhari; Persian Islamic scholar who authored the Hadith collection known as Sahih al-Bukhari. dark energy — energy embedded in the space surface of the universe that causes the universe to expand faster and faster as it ages. Darul Ifta A council of muftis from where fatwas are issued. Darul Qaza Muslim judicial court. dawah communication of the message of God. fasad spreading corruption, rebellion, dissension, mischief and disorder across society. fatwa legal opinion; judicial verdict. fine-tuning problem an explanation for the fine-tuning of the universe required for the human species to thrive.. ijtihad exercise of judgement with reasoning. Imam Ahmad Ahmad ibn Hanbal (780-855); Islamic scholar and theologian; famous for Hadith collection known as Musnad Ahmad. Jinn A living creation of God made from fire; Jinns have free-will just like mankind. Kabah the sacred house of God built originally by prophets Abraham and Ismael in Makkah (Mecca). Kalima The Islamic creed—‘There is no god but God, Muhammad is the messenger of God.’ Khilafat-e-Rashida also Rashidun Caliphate or "Rightly Guided" caliphs (632–661 AD) is the collective term comprising the first four caliphs in Islamic history (Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, Ali). khushu‘ divine consciousness; God consciousness. Minhaj the path or method. mufti Islamic scholar who is an interpreter or expounder of Islamic law. quantum foam abstraction in quantum mechanics conceptual­ ised as the foundation of the fabric of the universe. Sahaba Companions of the Prophet. Sahih Muslim Famous Hadith collection by Imam Muslim ibn alHajjaj (815–875). Shariah; Shir’a ; moral code and religious law of Islam. shura council for mutual consultation. Tabi’een; tabeée —those followers or companions who directly learnt from the Companions of the Prophet of Islam. Ummah religious community; followers of a prophet. ummah Muhammadiyyah Muslim community; followers of the Prophet of Islam. Zulm oppression Glossary