Understanding ‘Rabb’ () رب

over everything. Another possible interpretation is that “( ” له امللک to Him belongs the dominion) stands as an independent sentence contrasting with the statement “( ” والذین تدعون من دونه ما میلکون من قطمرری and those you invoke besides Him do not even possess a membrane of a date seed). In this situation, the meaning is that those beings, other than Allah, whom you call upon, hold no power over any creation or its management. (AlShawkani, Fath al-Qadir, Vol. 4, pp. 393-394) In the lengthy excerpt from the book under discussion, it is noted that from the earliest times until the revelation of the Quran, there has been a “fundamental and common misguidance” among misguided nations. To substantiate this, a thorough examination is presented under the title “Misguided Notions of Rububiyyah among Past Nations.” It is asserted that all these nations succumbed to two types of misguidances regarding Rububiyyah mentioned above: first, associating others in supernatural Rububiyyah; second, entrusting moral, social, and political Rububiyyah to others. However, despite the extensive discussion, only the first concept of Rububiyyah is proven. No ayah (verse) supports the second concept of Rububiyyah. A surprising aspect is that most of the ayahs used as evidence do not even include the word “Rabb” (Lord). For instance, in the context of the people of Noah, this verse is cited: