In the Field of English Literature

from Muhammad). It is worth noting that the dove holds significance as a Christian symbol representing the Holy Ghost (Luke 3:22) and does not carry any specific Islamic connotation. The term “Maumet” was also used to refer to an idol. Although Muhammad demolished numerous idols at the Kabah, his followers strictly adhered to monotheism, rejecting the use of idols, images, or icons. Western storytellers depicted him as a deity and an idol. In medieval English encyclical plays, Mahoun (a variation of Muhammad) is repeatedly portrayed as an object of worship. Some mystery plays even included complete religious services dedicated to him. This portrayal of Muhammad as a god was present even before the Turks and Saracens, the groups associated with him in later centuries. “Maumet” eventually came to be associated with the meaning of a puppet or doll. Shakespeare used this term and popularized it further. Additionally, not only “Maumet” but even “Alkaron” (Koran) were depicted as objects of worship among Muslims. It is claimed that the Saracens, before their conversion, performed elaborate rituals involving burning frankincense and blowing brass horns before their idols. One such idol mentioned is Apollo. According to La Chanson de Roland, after their supposed “defeat” at the Battle of Saragossa in 778 by Charlemagne’s troops, the Saracen army expressed their fury by attacking and destroying their god Apollo’s idol.